Facial injury scenario

scenario 1:

They were kneed in the face during a rugby match. Currently has pain around eye only.
O/E: Binocular diplopia, acuity normal

scenario 2:

She crashed her e-scooter and hit her chin on the pavement. Jaw is very painful, unable to close mouth properly and drooling. No other injury.
O/E: Maximal tenderness over L mandibular margin, loss of sensation L lip

examiner brief

  • Wash hands, introduce self
  • Confirm patient identity
  • Check need for analgesia
  • Clarifying questions about mechanism
  • Patient exposed from neck up
  • Clarify no c-spine or head injury concerns
  • Inspection:
    • deformity, wounds, scars
    • asymmetry of cheek
    • nasal deviation
    • CSF rhinorrhea, otorrhea
    • subconjunctival haemorrhage
  • Palpation
    • Superior orbital margins
    • Feels for steps in bone, pain, crepitus
  • Tests for sensation in territory of V1/V2/V3
    • Side of nose and upper lip (infra orbital nerve)
    • Numbness of upper teeth
    • Numbness of lower teeth and lip (inferior alveolar nerve suggests mandibular #!)
  • Mouth
    • Bleeding, malocclusion, loose teeth
  • Eyes
    • visual acuity, ROM, fundi
  • Ears
    • Battle's sign, otoscopy
  • Summarises findings
  • Appropriate management plan
  • Thanks patient