Blood and blood flow

Normal values

  • Knowledge of normal adult values for Hb, haematocrit, platelet and white cell counts
  • Haemoglobin as the key component
  • Erythropoietin (EPO) as the renally-produced stimulant to production
  • Role of red marrow and spleen in production and sequestration
  • Appreciation of their key role in immunity and defence against infection

Plasma

  • Albumin as a key binding protein and the major contributor to oncotic pressure
  • Role following vessel wall damage
  • Importance of release of 5-HT and thromboxane A2 in haemostasis
  • Fibrin and thrombin’s role in coagulation → natural anticoagulants and fibrinolysis
  • Detailed knowledge of the coagulation cascade is NOT required

Pathology