Hyperkalaemia
| Headline | |
|---|---|
| Etiology | Decreased renal clearance; ↑ cell lysis → release of intracellular contents (Tumour lysis syndrome, Rhabdomyolysis)...? |
| Epidemiology | |
| Clinical presentation | Non-specific. Muscle weakness. Eventually causing arrhythmias. ECG changes: - Peaked T waves - P wave widening/flattening, PR prolongation - Bradyarrhythmias: sinus bradycardia, high-grade AV block with slow junctional and ventricular escape rhythms, slow AF - Conduction blocks (bundle branch block, fascicular blocks) - QRS widening with bizarre QRS morphology |
| Pathogenesis | reduction in resting membrane potential causes ECG changes and arrhythmias. |
| Diagnostic investigations | I mean. Look for underlying causes |
| Management | - Calcium to stabilise cardiomyocyte cell membrane - calcium chloride or gluconate (¼ the elemental Ca of chloride) - Insulin dextrose - shift K intracellularly - Lokelma, zirconium - excrete in stool Complications: |
| Prevention |