Graves disease
| most common cause of hyperthyroidism in countries with sufficient iodine intake | |
|---|---|
| Etiology | autoimmune destruction - formation of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin = continual activation of cAMP in thyroid cells |
| Epidemiology | Risk factors: female sex; smoking; alemtuzumab use |
| Clinical presentation | Classic triad: goitre, exophthalmos, pretibial myxoedema |
| Pathogenesis | |
| Diagnostic investigations | |
| Management | Thyroid storm: treat as normal - Antithyroid drugs - carbimazole, PTU (inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3) - Radioactive iodine - thyroid surgery - Symptom control - propranolol |