- Normal value of blood glucose
Functional anatomy of the endocrine pancreas
- Beta cells as insulin production units; alpha cells as glucagon production units
- Stimulants to production
- Proinsulin and C-peptide as necessary precursors in insulin manufacture
- The insulin receptor and intracellular signalling paths as vital links in the effector chain
- Effects of insulin upon glycogen, glycolysis, lipolysis and protein synthesis
- Stimulants to production
- Effects of glucagon upon hepatic handling of glycogen, glucose, urea, fat and ketones
- Physiological basis of insulin- and non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus
- Clinical effects of untreated diabetes
Islets of Langerhans cell types
| Cell type |
Hormone produced |
| Alpha cells |
Glucagon |
| Beta |
insulin |
| Delta |
somatostatin |
| Gamma |
polypeptides |
| Epsilon |
ghrelin |