Normal values

Normal values of calcium and the rationale for corrected calcium values

Sources and handling of calcium

Foodstuffs rich in calcium
Sites of calcium transfer along the nephron in health
Effect of PTH upon renal calcium handling

Functions of calcium in health

Physiological actions of calcium
Cardiac effects of calcium
Transportation of calcium (ionised, complexed, bound)

Factors affecting calcium handling

PTH, calcitonin and vitamin D and their effects on kidney, bone + small intestine
Calcium handling in small intestine

Effects of disordered calcium physiology

Physiological basis of osteoporosis and osteomalacia
Clinical effects of reduced bone density in the context of trauma

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