Exposure to varicella

immunity can be assumed if:

  • previous chickenpox/shingles;
  • 2x dose of varicella containing vaccine, and
  • not immunocompromised.

key history taking

  • The diagnosis of chickenpox in the contact is certain.
  • The exposure was significant enough to put the person at risk of infection.
    • Chickenpox.
    • Disseminated zoster.
    • Immunocompetent people with exposed lesions (for example ophthalmic zoster).
    • Immunocompromised people with localized zoster on any part of the body (because this group may have increased viral shedding).
    • Maternal/neonatal contact.
    • Continuous home contact.
    • Contact in the same room for 15 minutes or more, or contact on large open wards (particularly paediatric wards).
    • Face-to-face contact (for example having a conversation).
  • The person has had chickenpox in the past.
  • The person is at increased risk of complications of chickenpox (for example pregnant women, immunocompromised people, and neonates).
  • The person is in contact with others at high risk of complications (for example healthcare workers).

significant exposure in pregnancy (Green Top Guide)

  • uncertain or no previous history of chickenpox, or who come from tropical or subtropical countries, who have been exposed to infection - determine VZV immunity or non-immunity.
  • Not immune: post-exposure prophylaxis with aciclovir
    • day 7-14 post exposure
    • If aciclovir is contraindicated, give VZIG up to 10 days after contact
  • Non-immune pregnant women who have been exposed to chickenpox should be managed as potentially infectious
    • from 8–28 days after exposure if they receive VZIG and
    • from 8–21 days after exposure if they do not receive VZIG.
  • Further exposure without seroconversion - 2nd course antiviral from 7 days after exposure, or 2nd VZIG if exposure > 3/52 after last dose
  • Aciclovir = best interest. Not licensed in pregnancy.