Intussusception

Telescoping segment of bowel
Etiology Invagination of proximal bowel into a distal segment, often ileo-caecal. Lead point ?enlarged Peyer’s patches.

In adults - lead point more likely pathological.
Epidemiology Age 3-12 months, with a peak between 5 and 9 months. M>F. Children age>4: longer history ± secondary to pathology e.g. IgA vasculitis
Clinical presentation Colicky abdo pain, bloody stool, bilious vomiting, signs of obstruction
Pathogenesis
Diagnostic investigations If stable and no suspected perforation: USS abdo. sens/spec 98%. Target/doughnut sign; indicative of mesenteric blood flow.
Management Stable patient: Attempt decompression with contrast enema
Surgical reduction (open or laparoscopic)