third nerve palsy

Presentation

ptosis, proptosis, fixed pupil dilation (surgical > medical), pupil looking "down and out"

etiologies

Pupillary fibres run in the periphery, and are first to be involved in compressive lesions by tumour or aneurysm

"medical" = microvascular

  • T2DM
  • hypertension (± pupil sparing)
  • toxins

"Surgical" = compressive