third nerve palsy
Presentation
ptosis, proptosis, fixed pupil dilation (surgical > medical), pupil looking "down and out"
etiologies
Pupillary fibres run in the periphery, and are first to be involved in compressive lesions by tumour or aneurysm
"medical" = microvascular
- T2DM
- hypertension (± pupil sparing)
- toxins
"Surgical" = compressive
- cavernous sinus lesions,
- PICA aneurysm
- infection e.g. TB meningitis