Malaria clinical presentation

  • cyclical fevers are classic but not always present
  • splenomegaly
  • 'relapse' - relapsing malaria (hypnozooites of vivax or ovale), incomplete treatment or reinfection

Severe malaria (copied shamelessly from LITFL)

  • CNS: Altered consciousness, (+/- meningism) seizures, focal deficits (cerebral malaria)
  • GI: Vomiting, jaundice
  • RESP: Respiratory distress +/- ARDS
  • RENAL: AKI
  • CVS: Shock
  • HAEM: Severe haemolytic anaemia with jaundice, coagulopathies and spontaneous haemorrhage
  • METABOLIC: acidosis and hypoglycemia
  • high parasite load: >2% RBCs infected or >100,000 parasites/mm3

Protective factors

Diagnostic investigations

  • blood films
    • thick film: sensitivity +++, no species info
    • Thin film: species, parasite count