bipolar affective disorder
| Headline | |
|---|---|
| Etiology | Diagnosed after ≥2 episodes (≥1 hypo/manic episode). Type 1: manic episode; Type 2: hypomania. |
| Epidemiology | |
| Clinical presentation | mania: psychomotor agitation, racing thoughts, euphoria → grandiosity ("special powers"). Psychotic phenomena will be mood-congruent (vs schizophrenia etc). Dysphoria → irritability. <7d = hypomania Mania vs hypomania: hypomania = shorter duration, better function Ddx: |
| Pathogenesis | |
| Diagnostic investigations | |
| Management | Non-pharm: sleep mx/hygiene; psychoeducation (re. triggers) Pharm: 1st line stabiliser: Lithium (good for suicide prevention) ➥ Alternatives: Sodium valproate, lamotrigine ➥ Some antipsychotics have mood stabilising effects |
| Prevention |