SVC obstruction

Headline
Etiology Lung cancer, lymphoma most common causes.
Epidemiology
Clinical presentation distended JVP + chest veins, localised face/upper arm oedema. ± Horner's syndrome. Ddx: cardiac tamponade
Pathogenesis recruitment of collateral circulation esp azygos circulation. Often not immediately life-threatening.
Diagnostic investigations
Management - Dexamethasone
- Treatment of root cause (tumour debulking, RT etc.)
- Palliation: SVC stenting
- Surgical mx: endovascular stent – percutaneous access via femoral v. + heparin
Prevention