ureters - landmarks

3 points of constriction:

  1. pelvi-ureteric junction
  2. crossing over bifurcation of common iliac to external iliac artery
  3. Vesico-ureteric junction

Exit hilum of kidney at L1
Descend L2-5 on the anterior surface of psoas muscle
Enter the pelvis anterior to the SIJ
Enter bladder at level of pubic tubercle

#anatomy-abdomen