Liver & biliary tract

Surfaces, relations and features of the liver, surface marking - Liver landmarks
The liver lobule as an architectural building block: function of the lobule, vessels, sinusoids
The named four lobes of the liver: appreciation of their functional division into two halves. Detailed anatomy of lobes and segments not required
The shape of the liver: presence of visceral & diaphragmatic surfaces Liver gross anatomy
Principal relations of the diaphragmatic surface (eg diaphragm, lungs, pleura). Position of vena cava and other key structures (eg porta hepatis) in relation to the gross structure of the liver. Detailed knowledge of relations not required
The hepatic veins & IVC as providers of organ stability - Liver supply
Blood supply via hepatic artery (and overview of its divisions) and portal vein: anatomical basis of the potential for one-sided liver infarction.
Pattern of venous return
Lymphatic drainage pattern and implications for spread of carcinoma

Gallbladder

Gross structure, surface anatomy and principal relations
Course of normal bile flow: location of Hartmann's pouch & implications for stone formation
Details of histology, blood supply and lymph drainage not required

Pattern of formation of common hepatic duct from tributaries
The (common) bile duct as a 3-part tube: principal relations of each part and point of entry into ampulla of Vater
Innervation: action of sympathetic & parasympathetic nerves in normal function. Basis of referred pain

Appreciation of the five sites of portosystemic anastomosis and the implications of these
Appreciation of the vein as being a continuation of the superior mesenteric vein & splenic vein
Detailed anatomy of the portal vein NOT required

Functional overview: surface markings
Palpation of the enlarged spleen: anatomical basis of differentiation of splenomegaly from retroperitoneal masses
Details of vasculature/ innervation/ development NOT required